Sociobiology
To what extent do genes and memes drive our choice-making and social interactions? {For related sources, see Humans & Choice-Making.]
Richard Dawkins, The Selfish Gene (1976, rev. 2006): Seminal work that identified our genes as the unit of natural selection, and explored the ramifications of that finding. Includes the first discussion of memes, and doesn't shy away from population problems.
Psychological & Evolutionary Roots of Resource Overconsumption: Nate Hagens' sprawling 2009 post on The Oil Drum that "examines our own history on the planet, outlines how the ancient-derived reward pathways of our brain are easily hijacked by modern stimuli, and concludes we have become addicted to the 'consumptive behaviors' linked to oil."
Reg Morrison, The Spirit in the Gene, 1999: He argues that we are genetically wired to expand via “culture” that spawns mystical delusions, permitting emotion and irrationality to override the logical cerebral cortex. He also concludes such an expansion must be followed by a contraction—which appears to be underway within a decade of publication.
Rethinking the Theoretical Foundations of Sociobiology: D. S. Wilson & E. O. Wilson (2007) review evidence supporting altruism and group selection (PDF file).